Tuesday, 3 February 2015

Viral Diseases

Virus and Diseases
  Viruses are very tiny organisms with their diameters in nano meters level. Viruses exist now everywhere, such like in the soil, air and animal body. Human body also carry a lot of viruses, but most of them don't cause diseases, because they don't have any workable poison to injury a human. Human immune system can generate many types of  antibodies against many types of viruses, the antibody will identify the virus and destroy it temporarily.
  Sometimes the virus and human immune system can establish a great balancing relation . However when the human immune system is weak due to many reasons, the viruses can break the balancing relation and cause a lot of problems, became so called opportunist pathogen. For example, the BK polyoma-virus is presented in the kidney of *85% population, however it only cause many types of kidney diseases of our world. But all viruses are not harmful for human-body, or opportunist pathogens. Some viruses can cause extreme diseases, including  SARS, AIDS, Hepatitis,Polio Mayelitis Herpes,Malaria Simplex etc.
Diseases Name
Virus Type
Organs Affected
Transmission
·         Influenza
RNA
Respiratory Tract
Droplet
·         Adenovirus Infections
DNA
Lungs, Eyes
Droplet, Contact
·         Respiratory Syncytial Diseases
RNA
Respiratory Tract
Droplet
·         Rhino Virus Infection
RNA
Upper Respiratory Tract
Droplet,Contact
·         Chicken pox (Vercella)
DNA
Skin,Pharynx, Gental organs
Droplet Contact
·         Harpes Simplex
DNA
Skin, Nevous System
Contact
·         Measles (Rubeola)
RNA
Respiratory Tract, Skin
Droplet, Contact
·         German Measles (Rubella)
RNA
Skin
Droplet, Contact

·         Mumps (Epidemix parotitis)
RNA
Salivary Gland, Blood
Droplet
·         Small Pox (Variola)
DNA
Skin, Blood
Contact, Droplet
·         Warts Kawasaki Diseases
DNA
Skin
?
·         Yellow Fever
RNA
Liver, Blood
Mosquito
(Aedes Aegypti)
·         Dengue Fever
RNA
Blood, Muscle
Mosquito
(Aedes Aegypti)
·         Hepatitis A
RNA
Liver
Food, Water,  Contact
·         Hepatitis B
DNA
Liver
Contact with body Fluids
·         NAN B Hepatitis
RNA
Liver
Contact with body Fluids
·         Viral Gastroenterityis
Many RNA Viruses
Intestine
Food, Water
·         Viral Fevers
Many RNA  Viruses
Blood
Contact, Congenital transfer
·         AIDS
Retrovirus (RNA)
T-lymphocytes
Contact with body Fluids
·         Rabies
RNA
Brain, Spinal cord
Contact with body Fluids
·         Polio
RNA
Intestine, Brain, Spinal cord
Food, Water, Contact
·         Slow Virus Diseases
Prions
Brains
?
·         Arbovirul Encephalits
Many RNA Viruses
Brain
Arthopods
·          




  Virus has two types, No 1- DNA virus and No 2- RNA virus. The genome of DNA virus is consisted of DNA, and similarity RNA is the genetic materials of  RNA virus. The virus genome is typically several kilo base pairs (kb). They use the host's system for replication and generic  expression. The structure of virus is consisted of a small genetic material and a small protein envelope. Higher temperature can cause protein denaturation, viruses are most sensitive to heat. However, The virus can goes to hibernate in lower temperature for a long time. For example, viruses were found  millions years ago into ice in Antarctica. 

  Human immune system usually can recognize a master piece of a virus protein sequence of our human body. And the virus specification information can be remembered by the immune system, sometimes through the all life. This mechanism has been used for make vaccines for some dangerous diseases. Usually vaccines are made of weakened virus, which will not be able to cause disease. The vaccine will stimulate the  whole immune system, and the immune system will also remember the specific characters of this virus. And when the real virus invades, the immune system of human body can quickly recognize it, and destroy it before it cause serious diseases. 


  However, compared to other types organisms, virus mutated very fast. Sometimes there are a lot of variants, and it is a most important challenge to produce effective vaccines for all this variants. As example, the Influenza virus, next year the viruses strain may be very different, and you may need to have a new types of vaccine.

3 comments:

  1. A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses. These are tables of the clinically most important viruses. A vast number of viruses cause infectious diseases, but these are the major ones.

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  2. A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses. These are tables of the clinically most important viruses. A vast number of viruses cause infectious diseases, but these are the major ones.

    ReplyDelete
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